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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells in Sarcoma: Implication for Clinical Practice.

Chiara Agnoletto1, Chiara Caruso1, Cecilia Garofalo1

  • 1Advanced Translational Research Laboratory, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35127 Padua, Italy.

Cancers
|June 2, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers recent advances in detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in rare bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Understanding CTC heterogeneity is key for developing liquid biopsy applications in sarcoma precision medicine.

Keywords:
CTCclinical practiceepithelial–mesenchymal plasticitysarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bone and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare, heterogeneous mesenchymal tumors with poor prognoses.
  • Limited research exists on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in sarcomas, despite liquid biopsy's potential in precision medicine.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stemness influence CTC properties and clinical aggressiveness in sarcomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data on the detection and isolation of viable, intact CTCs in STSs.
  • To discuss CTC heterogeneity and the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in sarcoma.
  • To highlight advancements in technologies for capturing diverse CTC phenotypes for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CTC detection and isolation in sarcomas.
  • Analysis of data on CTC heterogeneity, EMT, and stemness in STSs.
  • Evaluation of emerging technologies for CTC capture and enumeration.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies show promise in detecting and isolating viable, intact CTCs in sarcomas.
  • CTC heterogeneity, including both epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, is evident in STSs.
  • Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive CTCs show a weak correlation with poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in CTC detection technologies offer a promising basis for clinical applications in sarcoma.
  • Understanding CTC heterogeneity and EMT is crucial for improving sarcoma diagnostics and treatment.
  • Liquid biopsy using CTCs holds potential for precision medicine in rare sarcomas.