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Researchers developed miniaturized antennas for wireless power transmission in IoT devices. These compact T-match antennas achieve efficient radiofrequency to direct current conversion for powering Bluetooth Low Energy sensors.

Keywords:
compact antennaenergy harvestingrectennawireless power transmission (WPT)wireless sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Antenna Theory and Design
  • Wireless Power Transmission

Background:

  • Miniaturization of antennas is crucial for integrating wireless power transmission into small Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
  • Existing antenna designs often face challenges in achieving reduced physical dimensions while maintaining performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize miniaturized antennas for wireless power transmission systems compatible with IoT devices.
  • To evaluate different feeding techniques for optimal antenna performance.
  • To assess the energy harvesting capabilities of the designed antennas for powering Bluetooth Low Energy sensors.

Main Methods:

  • A folded short-circuited dipole antenna (T-match antenna) was modified using a 3D configuration with vertical metallic arms to reduce its size.
  • Three feeding techniques were evaluated: U.FL connector, tapered balun, and microstrip transition.
  • The antennas were characterized for gain and then integrated with a rectifier for RF-DC conversion efficiency measurements.

Main Results:

  • A 3D T-match antenna design achieved dimensions of 56 mm × 32 mm × 10 mm at 868 MHz with a maximum gain of +1.54 dBi.
  • A more compact design (40 mm × 30 mm × 10 mm) achieved a maximum gain of +1.1 dBi.
  • RF-DC conversion efficiencies of 73.88% and 60.21% were measured for the two antenna designs, respectively, under specific power density and load conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D antenna designs are suitable for miniaturized wireless power transmission systems in IoT applications.
  • The T-match antenna configuration, with modifications, enables efficient energy harvesting for low-power wireless sensors.
  • The study demonstrates a viable approach for developing compact antennas for powering Bluetooth Low Energy devices wirelessly.