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Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Characterize Different Fractions of Extracellular Vesicles from Control and

Eric Boateng Osei1,2, Liliia Paniushkina3, Konrad Wilhelm4

  • 1Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance "Health Technologies", Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as cancer biomarkers. This study found that Raman spectroscopy and SERS on specific EV fractions effectively distinguish prostate cancer patients from controls.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopyextracellular vesiclessurface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers and diagnostics
  • Spectroscopy and nanotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released nanoparticles investigated as accessible biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.
  • Prostate cancer diagnosis can be improved by identifying reliable biomarkers in patient plasma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for discriminating between prostate cancer patients and controls using plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • To identify specific EV fractions that exhibit distinct spectral signatures for cancer detection.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma EVs from control and prostate cancer patients were isolated using differential centrifugation and ultrafiltration.
  • Label-free spontaneous Raman and SERS (785 nm excitation with silver nanoparticles) were employed to analyze EV fractions.
  • Spectral data were analyzed to identify differences between cancer and control groups.

Main Results:

  • SERS analysis of EV-enriched fractions showed significantly higher Raman signal intensity in cancer patients compared to controls.
  • Raman spectra of dehydrated EV fractions without nanoparticles revealed variations in protein-related bands (S-S stretch, tryptophan, secondary structure) between groups.
  • EV fractions EV12 and EV120 demonstrated the most effective discrimination between cancer and control patients via both Raman and SERS.

Conclusions:

  • Silver nanoparticle-mediated SERS significantly enhances Raman signals from EV-enriched fractions, improving spectral sensitivity.
  • Specific EV fractions (EV12, EV120) possess distinct spectral fingerprints that enable the differentiation of prostate cancer patients from healthy controls.
  • Raman spectroscopy and SERS are powerful label-free techniques for analyzing extracellular vesicles as potential cancer biomarkers.