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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS01:17

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The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
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Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data01:23

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A Geographic Information System (GIS) combines specialized software and hardware to effectively manage, analyze, and present spatial and related data. GIS software includes critical functionalities such as a user interface for easy navigation, database management tools for handling spatial and attribute data, and data retrieval features for efficient access. Analytical tools transform raw data into insights, while display functions produce maps and reports in various formats for effective...
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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

Levels of Use of a GIS

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Selected Data About Geographic Locations01:25

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) rely on two core types of data: spatial data and attribute data.Spatial DataSpatial data defines the physical location of features within a coordinate system, typically expressed in terms of latitude and longitude. It provides precise positioning for elements like roads, rivers, or buildings.Attribute DataAttribute data complements spatial data by adding descriptive information about these features. For example, a road's spatial data includes its start and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
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Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

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Developing Sidewalk Inventory Data Using Street View Images.

Bumjoon Kang1, Sangwon Lee2, Shengyuan Zou3

  • 1College of Architecture, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automated sidewalk detection using Google Street View images achieves high accuracy. This method provides valuable public sidewalk GIS data for smart city initiatives.

Keywords:
GISimage processingsidewalkssmart streetstreet management

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Area of Science:

  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • Computer Vision
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Public sidewalk Geographic Information System (GIS) data is crucial for smart city development.
  • Existing methods for sidewalk data collection are often labor-intensive and costly.
  • There is a need for efficient and scalable solutions for generating sidewalk GIS data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated method for detecting public sidewalks using street-level imagery.
  • To assess the accuracy and feasibility of using Google Street View (GSV) data for sidewalk mapping.
  • To create accurate street-level sidewalk GIS data for urban planning and smart city applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Google Street View (GSV) images for sidewalk detection.
  • Employed image processing techniques to generate graph-based segmentations of street view images.
  • Developed a random forest classifier trained on manually labeled image segments to identify sidewalk regions.
  • Implemented aggregation steps to determine street-level sidewalk presence from image segment classifications.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 2,438 GSV street images and 78,255 segmented image regions.
  • Achieved an 87% accuracy rate for the image-level sidewalk classifier.
  • Demonstrated nearly 95% accuracy for the street-level sidewalk classifier across most streets in the study area.

Conclusions:

  • Automated sidewalk detection using street view imagery is a viable and accurate approach.
  • The developed method successfully generates high-accuracy street-level sidewalk GIS data.
  • This technique offers a scalable solution for enhancing smart city infrastructure data.