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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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γ-Valerolactone as Bio-Based Solvent for Nanofiltration Membrane Preparation.

Muhammad Azam Rasool1, Ivo F J Vankelecom1

  • 1Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

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Summary

This study used green solvent gamma-valerolactone (GVL) and sustainable non-solvents to create effective nanofiltration (NF) membranes from various polymers. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes showed high rejection rates for pollutants, demonstrating potential for sustainable water purification.

Keywords:
bio-based solventgreen solventnanofiltrationpolymer solubilitypolymeric membranes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Membrane technology is crucial for water purification.
  • Developing sustainable and efficient membrane materials is an ongoing challenge.
  • Green solvents offer an environmentally friendly alternative for membrane fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore gamma-valerolactone (GVL) as a green solvent for phase inversion membrane preparation.
  • To screen sustainable non-solvents (water, ethanol) for nanofiltration (NF) membrane fabrication.
  • To optimize NF membrane performance using cellulose triacetate (CTA) and other polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Phase inversion process using GVL as solvent and water/ethanol as non-solvents.
  • Preparation of membranes from cellulose acetate (CA), polyimide (PI), CTA, polyethersulfone (PES), and polysulfone (PSU).
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), viscosity measurements, and cloud point determination.

Main Results:

  • CTA membranes in GVL with water as non-solvent exhibited excellent performance.
  • Increasing CTA concentration (10-17.5 wt%) reduced permeance (15.9 to 5.5 L/m²·h·bar) but maintained high Rose Bengal (RB) rejection (>94%).
  • Hansen solubility parameters, viscosity, and cloud point data provided insights into the phase inversion process.

Conclusions:

  • GVL is a viable green solvent for fabricating high-performance NF membranes.
  • CTA membranes show significant potential for sustainable nanofiltration applications.
  • Understanding the interplay of solvent properties and process parameters is key to optimizing membrane performance.