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Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factor Analysis of Patients Presenting with Emphysematous Cystitis: A 15-Year
Jeonghyouk Choi1, Seung-Kwon Choi2, Sang-Hyub Lee1
1Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|June 2, 2021
Summary
Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is more common in older adults and linked to diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and neurogenic bladder (NB). These conditions increase the risk of sepsis and mortality in EC patients.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Infectious Diseases
- Nephrology
Background:
- Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a severe bladder infection.
- Understanding risk factors for EC is crucial for early detection and management.
- EC carries a higher risk of complications than acute cystitis (AC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors differentiating emphysematous cystitis (EC) from acute cystitis (AC).
- To enhance clinical awareness of potential patient deterioration in EC.
- To inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies for EC.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 54 EC patients and 92 AC patients (2006-2020).
- Analysis of clinical features and predisposing diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and neurogenic bladder (NB).
- Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan used for EC diagnosis.
Main Results:
- EC patients were older (median 78.5 years) than AC patients (median 70.0 years).
- Sepsis (48.1%) and mortality (11.1%) were exclusive to the EC group.
- Multivariate analysis identified DM (OR 6.251), CKD (OR 18.439), and NB (OR 7.374) as significant risk factors for EC.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and neurogenic bladder (NB) are significant risk factors for emphysematous cystitis (EC).
- EC is associated with a high risk of sepsis and mortality, necessitating vigilant patient monitoring.
- Identifying patients with these risk factors can guide proactive management of EC.
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