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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
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Potential Chemicals from Plastic Wastes.

Ravindra Prajapati1, Kirtika Kohli1,2, Samir K Maity1

  • 1Distillate and Heavy Oil Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India.

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Converting plastic waste into valuable chemicals offers a sustainable solution to pollution. This approach reduces landfill burden, conserves petroleum resources, and promotes a circular economy for chemical production.

Keywords:
biodegradable plasticscarbon nanomaterialscarbonizationchemical recyclingchemicalsplastic wastes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Plastics are ubiquitous materials used across diverse industries, leading to significant plastic waste generation.
  • Current plastic waste management primarily involves landfilling (75.4%), incineration, and limited recycling (9.1%), contributing to environmental pollution.
  • The petrochemical and plastic sectors face challenges related to waste management and reliance on virgin petroleum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review chemicals that can be synthesized from various plastic wastes.
  • To identify and discuss research challenges in the conversion of plastic waste to valuable chemicals.
  • To provide an overview of current state-of-the-art processes for plastic waste valorization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on plastic waste conversion.
  • Analysis of chemical production pathways from different plastic types.
  • Survey of existing and emerging technologies for plastic waste to chemical processes.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse high-value chemicals producible from plastic waste streams.
  • Elucidation of key research challenges, including process efficiency, catalyst development, and product separation.
  • Overview of technological approaches such as pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical recycling.

Conclusions:

  • Transforming plastic waste into chemicals presents a viable strategy for pollution mitigation and resource conservation.
  • Further research and process development are crucial for optimizing plastic waste valorization.
  • Successful implementation can revolutionize the chemical industry, reduce petroleum dependence, and enhance environmental sustainability.