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Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: An Update.

Feliznando Isidro Cárdenas-Torres1, Francisco Cabrera-Chávez1, Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido2

  • 1Doctorate Program in Nutrition Science, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|June 2, 2021
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Summary

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is diagnosed via gluten challenges due to a lack of biomarkers. Further research is needed on NCGS pathogenesis and effective dietary treatments like gluten-free or low-FODMAP diets.

Keywords:
NCGSNCWSglutenwheat sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presents with reproducible symptoms upon gluten ingestion, excluding celiac disease and wheat allergy.
  • Diagnosis relies on placebo-controlled gluten challenges due to the absence of specific biomarkers.
  • Epidemiological data on NCGS prevalence is limited, with challenge-based prevalence yet to be determined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
  • To explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and current therapeutic strategies for NCGS.
  • To highlight the need for further research into NCGS triggers and treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current scientific literature on NCGS.
  • It examines diagnostic methodologies, including double-blind, placebo-controlled gluten challenges.
  • The review discusses potential triggers like FODMAPs and amylase/trypsin inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • NCGS diagnosis requires excluding celiac disease and wheat allergy, with gluten challenges being the current gold standard.
  • The precise pathogenesis involving interactions between cereal components and the immune system requires further elucidation.
  • Controversial data exists regarding the efficacy of dietary interventions, including gluten-free and low-FODMAP diets.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding of NCGS is rapidly evolving, necessitating continued research.
  • Further investigation into NCGS pathogenesis and the effectiveness of various dietary interventions is crucial.
  • Accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies for NCGS patients remain an ongoing challenge.