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Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

Chiral-Selective Tamm Plasmon Polaritons.

Meng-Ying Lin^1,2, Wen-Hui Xu^1,2, Rashid G Bikbaev^3,4

¹Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 2, 2021

Summary

Chiral-achiral Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPP) were demonstrated at a liquid crystal-metasurface interface. This novel chiral-selective TPP offers tunable optical properties for advanced photonic devices.

Keywords:

chirality metasurfaces tamm plasmon polaritons

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Published on: June 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Photonics and Plasmonics
Liquid Crystal Technology
Metamaterials and Nanophotonics

Background:

Conventional Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPP) typically require distributed Bragg reflectors and metals.
Investigating TPP at chiral-achiral interfaces presents unique challenges and opportunities.
Liquid crystals offer tunable optical properties, making them promising for advanced photonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate chiral-selective Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) at the interface between a cholesteric liquid crystal and a metasurface.
To design a metasurface enabling chiral-achiral TPP and phase/polarization matching.
To investigate the tunability of the localized electric field and resonance properties.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a metasurface designed as a reflective half-wave plate.
Integration of the metasurface with a cholesteric liquid crystal.
Optical characterization to observe localized electric fields and resonance phenomena.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of chiral-achiral TPP, distinct from conventional TPP.
Metasurface design achieved necessary phase and polarization matching.
Observation of a strong localized electric field with sharp, widely tunable resonance.

Conclusions:

Chiral-achiral TPP is achievable at a liquid crystal-metasurface interface.
The designed metasurface effectively facilitates chiral-selective plasmon excitation.
The demonstrated TPP exhibits tunable optical properties, opening avenues for novel photonic devices.