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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

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Diffusion model-based understanding of subliminal affective priming in continuous flash suppression.

Minchul Kim1,2, Jeeyeon Kim1, Jaejoong Kim1

  • 1Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering (GSMSE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

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Unconscious emotional faces influence decisions. Facial identity primes erased positive bias, while positive emotional faces slowed responses to negative words, showing both facial aspects are processed subliminally.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Affective states unconsciously influence decision-making.
  • Continuous flash suppression (CFS) renders stimuli subliminal.
  • The impact of subliminal facial information on decision-making is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how subliminal facial identity and emotion information under CFS affect decision-making.
  • To explore the underlying cognitive mechanisms using a hierarchical diffusion model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a CFS priming task with emotional and neutral faces as primes.
  • Employed a word evaluation task (positive/negative targets).
  • Applied hierarchical diffusion model analysis to response times and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction effect on response time was found for angry face primes.
  • Facial identity priming affected the drift rate, eliminating the positive bias.
  • Positive emotional faces increased non-decision time for negative target words.

Conclusions:

  • Both facial identity and emotion are processed unconsciously under CFS.
  • Subliminal facial information significantly modulates decision-making processes.
  • The hierarchical diffusion model effectively elucidates the mechanisms of subliminal emotional face processing.