Genome editing for crop improvement: A perspective from India.

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Biotechnology
• Genetics

Background:

• Global population growth to 10 billion by 2050 and climate change threaten food security.
• Conventional breeding methods show limited genetic gain, insufficient for future crop production needs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review genome editing (GE) regulations in India for biotechnology-derived crops.
• To explore prospects of new GE tools and their applicability in crop improvement.
• To assess social and future outlooks for GE in agriculture.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing regulations governing biotechnology-derived crops in India.
• Analysis of institutes involved in genome editing research.
• Examination of emerging GE tools like DNA-free editing and nanotechnology.

Main Results:

• Genome editing offers potential for improving crop productivity, nutrition, and regional food preferences.
• Successful implementation of GE requires political, social, economic, and consumer acceptance.
• New GE tools and nanotechnology show promise for advanced crop improvement.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing is essential for future food security, requiring supportive policies and stakeholder acceptance.
• Addressing safety concerns and promoting GE's benefits can enhance its appeal.
• GE can contribute to making agriculture a more attractive profession for youth.