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Paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions and stringency of non-pharmaceutical interventions: Results from a
Jomana W Alsulaiman1, Khalid A Kheirallah2, Mohammed-Jafar Ajlony3
1Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
Insights
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) during COVID-19 significantly reduced paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions in Jordan. These findings suggest NPIs positively impacted children's respiratory health, warranting further public health policy considerations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- COVID-19 pandemic necessitated global non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).
- Changes in lifestyle and environment during NPIs may affect pediatric asthma.
- Impact of NPIs on pediatric asthma in developing countries remains understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of COVID-19 NPIs on pediatric asthma exacerbation admissions in Northern Jordan.
- To analyze trends in asthma admissions before, during, and after lockdown periods.
- To correlate NPI stringency with asthma admission rates.
Main Methods:
- Utilized aggregate data from two pediatric hospitals in Jordan (2018-2020).
- Calculated weekly pediatric asthma exacerbation admissions.
- Compared admission data by year, lockdown status, and lockdown weeks (13-19); correlated stringency index with admissions in 2020.
Main Results:
- Total admissions decreased from 40.3% in 2018 to 24.5% in 2020.
- Mean weekly admissions in 2020 (5.6) were significantly lower than in 2018 (9.2) and 2019 (8.0).
- Lockdown periods showed significantly lower admissions compared to pre- and post-lockdown; stringency index negatively correlated with admissions.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 NPI measures in Jordan appeared to positively influence pediatric asthma exacerbation admissions.
- Findings suggest potential public health benefits of NPIs on pediatric respiratory health.
- Further research is recommended to inform environmental and community health policies.
Background:
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) mitigation measures implemented to mitigate COVID-19 has brought unprecedented global impact. Changes in daily living routines, reduction in physical activities, and changes in environmental indicators were suggested to positively impact paediatric asthma indicators in western cultures. Little is known about such impact in developing countries. This study investigated the potential impact of COVID-19 NPI measures on paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions in Northern Jordan.
Methods:
Aggregate data from a paediatric hospital, Princess Rahma Pediatric Teaching Hospital, and King Abdulla University Teaching Hospital were utilised from 2018 to 2020. The number of paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions was calculated by week and compared by year, lockdown status, and weeks for lockdown (weeks 13-19). The stringency index was correlated with the number of weekly paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions for 2020.
Results:
A total of 1,207 paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions were reported; 40.3%, 35.2%, and 24.5% in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The number of weekly admissions ranged from 1 to 13 paediatric asthma cases (mean (SD) = 7.6 (2.7)). In 2018 and 2019, respectively, mean weekly admissions were 9.2 (1.9) and 8.0 (2.0) paediatric asthma cases, while in 2020 the mean was 5.6 (2.7) cases. Significant differences in mean weekly paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions were detected by year, with mean weekly admissions for 2020 being significantly lower than that for 2018 and 2019. During the lockdown (22 March to 1 May 2020), mean weekly admissions (2.6 (1.4)) was significantly lower than that before the lockdown (8.6 (2.0)) and after the lockdown (5.2 (2.0)). For the lockdown weeks only, the mean admissions for the year 2020 was significantly lower than that for years 2019 and 2018. The stringency index negatively correlated with the number of weekly admissions.
Conclusion:
NPI measures in Jordan seem to have positively impacted paediatric asthma exacerbation admissions. Further studies are needed to draw public health policies and fine-tune environmental and community policies.
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