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Mediastinal Masses in Children: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

David M Biko1, John P Lichtenberger1, Jordan B Rapp1

  • 1From the Pediatric Radiology Section (D.M.B., E.M.C.) and Thoracic Radiology Section (J.P.L.), American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (D.M.B., J.B.R., A.K.); Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); and Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio (E.M.C).

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most pediatric chest masses occur in the mediastinum. Understanding mediastinal compartments and mass characteristics aids diagnosis for effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pediatric mediastinal masses are frequently incidental findings on chest radiographs.
  • Symptoms can include respiratory distress.
  • Traditional anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinal divisions are supplemented by cross-sectional imaging classifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and diagnosis of pediatric mediastinal masses.
  • To correlate imaging findings with mass location and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cross-sectional imaging findings.
  • Application of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) classification.
  • Correlation of imaging with known pathology.

Main Results:

  • The mediastinum is classified into prevascular, visceral, and paravertebral compartments using ITMIG criteria.
  • Prevascular masses include thymic tumors, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and vascular tumors.
  • Visceral compartment masses include lymphadenopathy and foregut-related lesions.
  • Paravertebral compartment masses are most commonly neurogenic tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating anatomic location with imaging and pathology is crucial for diagnosing pediatric mediastinal masses.
  • Accurate diagnosis guides appropriate treatment and management strategies.