Plastic microfibre pollution: how important is clothes' laundering?

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Materials Science
• Oceanography

Background:

• Domestic and commercial textile laundering releases significant plastic microfibres into marine environments, constituting up to 90% of primary microplastics.
• Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is identified as the most prevalent microfibre pollutant from synthetic textiles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on worldwide plastic microfibre pollution from textile laundering.
• To explore potential control strategies for mitigating microfibre release and environmental impact.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on microfibre release during washing and drying.
• Analysis of microfibre fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and marine ecosystems.
• Discussion of environmental effects on aquatic organisms and potential control measures.

Main Results:

• Microfibres, due to their size and shape, are readily ingested by aquatic organisms, posing environmental risks.
• Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) modifications and simulation laundering studies can aid in reducing microfibre release.
• Consumer laundering habits and choices significantly influence microfibre pollution levels.

Conclusions:

• Effective control requires a multi-faceted approach including textile and appliance design improvements, consumer education, and regulatory measures.
• Government regulations, similar to those in France, may be essential for substantial reduction of microfibre pollution from laundry.
• Further research and development are needed for standardized testing methods and advanced WWTP technologies.