Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.0K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.0K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

46.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
46.4K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

10.3K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
10.3K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

941
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
941
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

1.0K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
1.0K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

40.8K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[ 18 F]-Flortaucipir PET/MRI Supports a 4R Tauopathy Phenotype in Corticobasal Degeneration.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2026
Same author

PET Imaging in Alzheimer Disease in the Era of Antiamyloid Therapy in the United States: Clinical Utility, Quantification, and Policy Landscape.

Journal of nuclear medicine technology·2026
Same author

Unprovoked Cerebral Venous Infarction Presenting as Audio-Visual Hallucinations: A Case Presentation.

Acta neurologica Taiwanica·2026
Same author

Utility of [<sup>18</sup>F]PI-2620 as Universal Biomarker for the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration Classification of Alzheimer Disease: An Exploratory Study with Dual-Phase PET Imaging.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

Beyond Parkinsonism: 18 F-FDOPA Brain PET/MRI for Detection of High-grade Glioma.

Clinical nuclear medicine·2026
Same author

ACR-ACNM-ASNR-SNMMI Practice Parameter for the Performance of Brain PET/CT Imaging in Dementia.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

Automated Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Digital Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Images.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2026
Same journal

Assessment of Brain Tumor Response to Radiotherapy Using Noninvasive Spectroscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2026
Same journal

Machine Learning-Based Detection of EGFR Mutation and HER2 Overexpression in Metastatic Brain Adenocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Oxygen Saturation, Heart Rate, and Anxiety Levels Among Claustrophobic and Non-Claustrophobic Patients Undergoing Closed and Open MRI: A Comparative Study.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Preclinical Investigations Toward Gd-free Molecularly Targeted Dual-Modal, MRI Dynamic (DCE-MRI)/Optical Imaging Contrast Agent for Cardiac Angiosarcoma.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Understanding the Independent Risk Factors of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Using MRI.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.3K

Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease.

Israel Saramago1, Ana M Franceschi2

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction is an early sign of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding smell physiology aids in diagnosing these conditions using clinical and advanced imaging findings.

More Related Videos

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.8K
Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.3K
A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.8K
Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common early symptom in various neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding the physiology of smell is crucial for diagnosing neurological disorders.
  • Smell impairment can precede cognitive decline in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and advanced imaging findings associated with olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • To highlight the role of smell impairment as an early diagnostic biomarker.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of characteristic clinical presentations of olfactory dysfunction.
  • Analysis of advanced neuroimaging techniques (e.g., MRI, PET) in patients with smell deficits.
  • Correlation of olfactory findings with established diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory dysfunction presents characteristically across different neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Advanced imaging reveals specific patterns of brain changes associated with smell impairment.
  • Early olfactory deficits are frequently observed in patients with dementia and Parkinson's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a significant indicator of underlying neurodegenerative processes.
  • Integrating clinical smell assessments with advanced imaging enhances diagnostic accuracy.
  • Further research into smell-based biomarkers can improve early detection and management of neurodegenerative diseases.