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Updated: Nov 2, 2025
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Published on: November 17, 2020
CNS demyelination associated with immune dysregulation and a novel CTLA-4 variant
Stefania Kaninia1, Alexandros Grammatikos2, Kathryn Urankar2
1Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK/North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Background:
The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) pathway acts as a negative immune regulator of T-cell activation and promotes self-tolerance.
Case:
We report the first case of biopsy-proven central nervous system inflammatory demyelination in the context of primary immunodeficiency and a novel CTLA-4 variant.
Conclusion:
This case has significant implications for the development of novel treatments for autoimmune conditions including multiple sclerosis and further emphasises the need for caution with clinical use of CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors in those with a history of inflammatory demyelination.
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