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Teresa Shamah-Levy1, Ignacio Méndez-Gómez Humarán2, Verónica Mundo-Rosas3

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. tshamah@insp.mx.

Salud Publica De Mexico
|June 7, 2021
PubMed
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Food insecurity in Mexico decreased slightly between 2012 and 2018-19, yet remains a severe public health issue, particularly for impoverished households. Social program beneficiaries experienced higher food insecurity, highlighting the need for structural interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • Food insecurity (IA) remains a significant public health challenge in Mexico.
  • Understanding trends and contributing factors is crucial for effective policy interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in food insecurity (IA) between 2012 and 2018-19 using national survey data.
  • To identify sociodemographic factors associated with shifts in food insecurity levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ENCOFR) from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys (Ensanut) 2012 and 2018-19.
  • Employed ordinal logistic regression models to assess the contribution of social program beneficiary status and other sociodemographic variables to IA levels.

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Main Results:

  • Overall food insecurity (IA) decreased by 4.8 percentage points (p<0.0001).
  • Beneficiaries of social programs exhibited higher food insecurity compared to non-beneficiaries (ß=0.258, 95% CI: 0.192-0.325).
  • Households with stoves/ovens for cooking and in-home water access demonstrated greater food security.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity (IA) persists as a severe public health problem in Mexico, affecting one in five households with the greatest deficiencies.
  • Comprehensive state actions are necessary to strengthen structural factors and improve economic access for impoverished social sectors.