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Published on: September 23, 2021
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Neuroimmunology of depression
Erika Sarno1, Adam J Moeser2, Alfred J Robison1
1Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)
|June 8, 2021
Summary
Depression involves immune system dysfunction. Research explores how immune cells and molecules contribute to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), suggesting immune-based treatments for depression.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Depression is a leading global disability with unknown cellular and molecular causes.
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, potentially worsening patient outcomes.
- Understanding the neuroimmune connection is crucial for advancing depression research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neuroimmune complement in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
- To explore evidence of altered immune function in MDD.
- To present potential mechanisms linking immune factors to MDD onset and progression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neuroimmune pathways in MDD.
- Analysis of immune system alterations in Major Depressive Disorder.
- Examination of molecular and cellular mechanisms driving depression.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests altered immune system function in MDD.
- Potential mechanisms include pro-inflammatory signaling, HPA axis alterations, neurotransmitter dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and meningeal immune dysfunction.
- Interactions between antidepressants and the immune system were discussed.
Conclusions:
- Immune system dysfunction is implicated in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
- Immune cells and molecules may play a role in the development and course of depression.
- Immunomodulatory drugs represent a potential avenue for novel antidepressant treatments.
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