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Serum S100B Protein Concentrations in SGA/FGR newborns
Barbara Strzalko1, Agata Karowicz-Bilinska2, Krystyna Wyka3
1Department of Neonatology, Children Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. strzalko.b@gmail.com.
Insights
Elevated S100B protein in cord blood may help detect central nervous system damage in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. This marker aids in early identification of infants at risk for neurological issues.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Neurology
Background:
- Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is linked to chronic fetal hypoxia, poor perinatal outcomes, and increased mortality.
- Currently, reliable methods for detecting central nervous system (CNS) cell damage in FGR infants are lacking.
- S100B protein, an acidic calcium-binding protein, is a recognized biomarker for CNS damage in infants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure blood S100B protein concentrations in newborns exhibiting small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) growth patterns.
- To determine the utility of S100B as an early indicator for hypoxia-related CNS injury in neonates.
Main Methods:
- Serum S100B protein levels were analyzed in cord blood from 88 SGA and 80 AGA newborns.
- Maternal medical records were reviewed for factors like pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, smoking, and umbilical artery (UA) Doppler findings.
Main Results:
- SGA newborns exhibited significantly higher median S100B concentrations compared to AGA controls (p < 0.001).
- In SGA neonates, cord blood S100B levels were significantly elevated compared to AGA newborns, irrespective of prenatal UA Doppler findings (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Elevated S100B levels in cord blood of SGA newborns may serve as an early indicator.
- This biomarker could aid in identifying infants at increased risk for postnatal neurological disturbances.
Objectives:
Fetal growth restriction is associated with chronic fetal hypoxia, poor perinatal outcome and increased perinatal mortality. There are no reliable methods to detect cell damage in the central nervous system (CNS) in these patients. The findings of increased an acidic calcium-binding protein (S100B) concentration in biological fluids of infants after brain injury have supported the use of S100B as a biochemical marker of CNS damage. The purpose of the study was to assess blood S100B concentrations in small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns and to evaluate the usefulness of S100B for early detection of hypoxia.
Material And Methods:
The investigation was carried out between November 2011 and April 2014. Serum S100B protein level was assessed in cord blood collected from newborns after birth. Medical records of mothers of neonates studied were reviewed for pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, maternal smoking during pregnancy and abnormalities in umbilical artery (UA) Doppler ultrasound examination.
Results:
The study was carried out in 88 SGA neonates and 80 AGA neonates. The median value of S100B protein concentration in the SGA study group was significantly higher than in AGA controls (p < 0.001). Cord blood serum S100B concentration in SGA neonates with prenatal normal UA Doppler ultrasound findings (n = 32) did not differ from that SGA neonates with abnormal prenatal UA Doppler findings (n = 25) (p = 0.74), but was significantly higher than in AGA newborns (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
Elevated S100B protein levels in cord blood collected from SGA newborns may be helpful in detecting infants at higher risk of postnatal neurologic disturbances at an early stage.
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