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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Three-dimensional echocardiography definitively delineates a malpositioned permanent pacing lead in a patient with
Nidhi Madan1, Richard G Trohman1
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Abstract:
Inadvertent malpositioning of a cardiac pacing lead into the left heart chambers is a rare complication of transvenous pacing. We report a patient with a history of a transient ischemic attack and chronic chest pain whose left atrial pacing lead location was revealed by transesophageal three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography during evaluation of an inter-atrial shunt.
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