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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair
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ILC damage, and I'll repair it.

Chiara Sorini1, Eduardo J Villablanca1

  • 1Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.

Immunity
|June 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Type 3 innate lymphoid cells sense cell damage through lysophosphatidyl serine and GPR43. This sensing triggers interleukin-22-dependent tissue repair mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Repair

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial for tissue homeostasis and immunity.
  • Type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) play a significant role in barrier immunity and tissue repair.
  • Mechanisms by which ILC3s sense tissue damage are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how type 3 innate lymphoid cells detect damage-induced cell death.
  • To identify the molecular pathways involved in ILC3 sensing of cellular damage.
  • To elucidate the role of ILC3s in initiating tissue repair following damage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models of tissue injury.
  • Employed flow cytometry and gene expression analysis to study ILC3 function.

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  • Investigated the role of GPR43 and lysophosphatidyl serine in ILC3 activation.
  • Assessed the impact of ILC3 activation on interleukin-22 production and tissue repair.

    • Main Results:

    • Wang et al. demonstrate that GPR43 is expressed on type 3 innate lymphoid cells.
    • Lysophosphatidyl serine, a lipid released during cell death, is recognized by GPR43.
    • GPR43-mediated sensing of lysophosphatidyl serine activates ILC3s.
    • Activated ILC3s produce interleukin-22, promoting tissue repair.

    Conclusions:

    • Lysophosphatidyl serine recognition via GPR43 equips ILC3s to sense cell death.
    • This sensing mechanism triggers interleukin-22 production, driving essential tissue repair processes.
    • The findings reveal a novel pathway for innate immune cells to monitor tissue integrity and initiate repair.