Khat and neurobehavioral functions: A systematic review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmacology
• Public Health

Background:

• Khat (Catha edulis) is widely used for its stimulant properties in Eastern Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Middle East.
• Despite its popularity, research on khat's neurobehavioral effects remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review existing literature on the neurobehavioral impairment associated with khat use.
• To identify cognitive domains affected by khat consumption.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of multiple databases (MedLine, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science) and grey literature was performed.
• Search terms included 'khat' and various cognitive domains.
• Studies published up to December 2020 were included.

Main Results:

• Fourteen studies (9 human, 5 rodent) met the inclusion criteria.
• Human studies indicate long-term khat use impairs learning, motor speed, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and conflict resolution.
• Rodent studies show dose-related behavioral impairments, including hyperactivity and deficits in learning and memory.

Conclusions:

• Long-term khat consumption may lead to neurobehavioral functional impairment.
• Gaps in the literature highlight the need for future research to elucidate the full health consequences of khat use.