Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 2, 2025
09:36
Murine Orchiectomy and Ovariectomy to Reduce Sex Hormone Production
Published on: November 17, 2023
11.6K
Changing trends in Black-White racial differences in surgical menopause: a population-based study
Maya A Wright1, Kemi M Doll2, Evan Myers3
1Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|June 10, 2021
Summary
Surgical menopause rates increased in North Carolina, with Black women surpassing White women by 2014. This trend highlights potential inequities in gynecologic care, necessitating further investigation into the drivers of these racial disparities.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Gynecologic Surgery
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Bilateral oophorectomy before menopause (surgical menopause) presents competing risks and benefits, impacting cardiovascular health and ovarian cancer rates.
- Existing research suggests higher surgical menopause rates in White women, but may underestimate prevalence in Black women.
- Recent population-based data are needed due to significant changes in clinical practice over the past 15 years.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate racial differences in surgical menopause rates across inpatient and outpatient settings.
- To analyze trends in surgical menopause using recent, population-based data from North Carolina.
- To identify potential disparities in gynecologic care related to race and ethnicity.
Main Methods:
- A population-based surveillance study analyzed inpatient and outpatient surgeries in North Carolina (2011-2014) for women aged 20-44.
- Surgical menopause was defined as bilateral oophorectomy, with or without hysterectomy, identified via ICD-9 and CPT codes.
- Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios, comparing changes over time and differences by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White vs. non-Hispanic Black).
Main Results:
- Between 2011-2014, 11,502 surgical menopause procedures for benign indications were performed; 95% were with hysterectomy.
- Inpatient surgeries decreased by 39%, while outpatient surgeries doubled.
- Non-Hispanic Black women experienced a significantly higher increase in outpatient surgical menopause, with rates surpassing non-Hispanic White women by 2014.
Conclusions:
- Surgical menopause rates increased in North Carolina during the study period, particularly among non-Hispanic Black women.
- By 2014, non-Hispanic Black women had higher rates of surgical menopause than non-Hispanic White women.
- Further research is needed to understand the drivers of these racially patterned increases in bilateral oophorectomy before age 45.
More Related Videos
14:26A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
Published on: April 7, 2014
15.7K
06:18An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
12.5K
Related Concept Videos
01:28Menopause
2.8K
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
2.8K
02:20Longitudinal Research
12.8K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.8K
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
883
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
883
02:12Relationship Formation
43.0K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
43.0K
01:14Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
2.7K
The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
2.7K
01:22Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
920
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
920