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Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

Daniel Freeman1,2,3, Sinéad Lambe1,2, Ly-Mee Yu4

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Summary

Blood-injection-injury fears contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in adults. Addressing these specific fears could prevent over 10% of vaccine hesitancy cases, improving vaccination program effectiveness.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Sociology

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is a significant public health concern.
  • Fears related to blood-injection-injury (BII) are a known factor influencing medical decisions.
  • The specific contribution of BII fears to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK adult population requires estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy attributable to blood-injection-injury fears in UK adults.
  • To explore the association between BII fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
  • To investigate demographic variations in injection fears and their link to vaccine hesitancy.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale online survey of 15,014 UK adults was conducted.
  • The Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale and validated phobia scales were used.
  • A specific factor score for injection fears was derived from existing scales.

Main Results:

  • 26.2% of participants screened positive for blood-injection-injury phobia.
  • Individuals with BII phobia were more than twice as likely to be vaccine hesitant (OR=2.18).
  • BII fears accounted for an estimated 11.5% of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy cases, with higher fears in youth and ethnic minority groups.

Conclusions:

  • Blood-injection-injury fears represent a significant driver of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, explaining approximately 10% of cases.
  • Targeted interventions addressing BII fears are crucial for enhancing vaccine uptake.
  • Understanding and mitigating specific phobias can improve the success of public health vaccination campaigns.