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Related Concept Videos

Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
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Microscopic colitis.

Kristin E Burke1,2, Mauro D'Amato3,4, Siew C Ng5

  • 1Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. keburke@mgh.harvard.edu.

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Summary

Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic watery diarrhea, primarily affecting older women. Its pathogenesis involves immune responses and genetics, with budesonide as a key treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by urgent watery diarrhea.
  • It is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in high-income countries, particularly affecting older women.
  • Pathogenesis is linked to immune dysregulation and genetic predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of microscopic colitis.
  • To discuss its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the impact on quality of life and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical symptoms and microscopic assessment of colonic biopsies.
  • Histological categorization into collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies including budesonide and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • MC affects approximately 1 in 115 women and 1 in 286 men in Sweden.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and biopsy findings.
  • Budesonide is the primary treatment, with biologics and immunosuppressants for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • MC significantly impacts patient quality of life.
  • Further research into immune response, genetics, and microbiome is crucial.
  • Progress in clinical trials is advancing disease management.