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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
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I(nsp1)ecting SARS-CoV-2-ribosome interactions.

Matthieu Simeoni1, Théo Cavinato1, Daniel Rodriguez1

  • 1Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) binds human ribosomes, halting host cell protein production and suppressing immune responses. Researchers explored Nsp1

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Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, employs various strategies to replicate within host cells.
  • Nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) is a key viral factor known to interfere with host cell functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 inhibits host cell translation.
  • To investigate the role of Nsp1 in the suppression of innate immune responses.
  • To evaluate Nsp1 as a potential therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of recent findings on Nsp1-ribosome interactions.
  • Examination of Nsp1's impact on host innate immunity.
  • Discussion of viral RNA translation regulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Nsp1 directly binds to human ribosomes, effectively blocking host cell protein synthesis.
  • Nsp1 plays a significant role in evading and suppressing the host's innate immune defenses.
  • Mechanisms for the virus to bypass its own translation inhibition are considered.

Conclusions:

  • Nsp1 is a critical virulence factor for SARS-CoV-2, essential for host immune evasion.
  • Understanding Nsp1's interaction with ribosomes provides insights into viral pathogenesis.
  • Nsp1 presents a promising target for the development of novel antiviral therapies.