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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Declarative Memory Predicts Phonological Processing Abilities in Adulthood.

Dana T Arthur1, Michael T Ullman2, F Sayako Earle3

  • 1Department of Communication Disorders, State University of New York-New Paltz, New Paltz, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Declarative memory, not procedural memory, significantly predicts phonological processing in adults. This suggests memory systems play a key role in adult language skills, impacting non-word repetition and phonological awareness.

Keywords:
declarative memorylearningnonword repetitionphonological awarenessphonological processingprocedural memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Individual differences in phonological processing are often linked to perception.
  • The role of learning and memory in adult phonological skills is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of declarative and procedural memory to adult phonological processing.
  • To differentiate the impact of memory types on specific phonological abilities.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed phonological processing, declarative memory, and procedural memory in 79 young adults.
  • Used recognition tasks for declarative memory and serial reaction time for procedural memory.
  • Measured memory performance after short-term and 12-hour overnight delays.

Main Results:

  • Declarative memory strongly predicted phonological processing abilities.
  • Early declarative memory scores correlated with non-word repetition.
  • Delayed declarative memory scores correlated with phonological awareness.
  • Procedural memory showed no association with phonological processing measures.

Conclusions:

  • Declarative memory is a significant factor in adult phonological processing.
  • Different aspects of declarative memory relate to distinct phonological skills.
  • Findings offer insights into memory's role in mature phonological systems.