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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

150.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Determining the Likelihood of Variant Pathogenicity Using Amino Acid-level Signal-to-Noise Analysis of Genetic Variation
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Long QT syndrome - Bench to bedside.

Daniela Ponce-Balbuena1, Isabelle Deschênes1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Heart Rhythm O2
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic heart condition causing dangerous arrhythmias. This review explores LQTS molecular causes and new treatments for LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 to prevent sudden cardiac death.

Keywords:
Genetic variantsInduced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM)Long QT syndromePotassium channelPrecision medicineSodium channel

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiovascular disorder affecting cardiac repolarization, leading to prolonged QT intervals and T-wave abnormalities.
  • LQTS is a rare genetic condition associated with syncope, seizures, torsades de pointes, and sudden cardiac death, particularly in young individuals.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding molecular mechanisms are crucial for effective, genotype-specific treatments to prevent mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of LQTS, focusing on LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3.
  • To discuss novel strategies for studying ion channel dysfunction in LQTS.
  • To explore drug-specific therapies for LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms in LQTS.
  • Focus on genetic variants in LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3.
  • Discussion of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • LQTS involves specific ion channel gene mutations (KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A) causing cardiac repolarization defects.
  • LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 represent distinct genetic subtypes with unique electrophysiological consequences.
  • Novel research approaches are being developed to understand ion channel dysfunction and guide personalized treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the molecular basis of LQTS is key to developing targeted therapies.
  • Genotype-specific treatments hold promise for preventing sudden death in LQTS patients.
  • Continued research into ion channel function and pharmacology is essential for improving outcomes in LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3.