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Differentiation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells Using the BMP Antagonist Grem2
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Regulation of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte identity

Shuliang Guo1, Yingwei Liu1, Angela Ryan1

  • 1Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|August 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Specialized cardiac muscle cell (CM) identities are vital for heart function. This review explores gene regulation maintaining CM identity and discusses future research into atrial and ventricular CMs.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cardiac muscle cell (CM) identity is crucial for heart structure and function.
  • Loss or alteration of CM identity is linked to heart diseases like arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy.
  • Gene regulation plays a primary role in establishing and maintaining CM identity during development and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the genetic, epigenetic, and posttranscriptional regulation of atrial and ventricular CM identity.
  • To highlight the limited understanding of the mechanisms governing CM identity.
  • To propose future research directions for elucidating these regulatory mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on CM identity.
  • Analysis of gene regulatory networks involved in cardiac development and maintenance.
  • Discussion of potential epigenetic and posttranscriptional modifications.

Main Results:

  • CM identity is established early and maintained by gene regulation.
  • Specific regulatory programs for atrial vs. ventricular CM identity are not fully understood.
  • Current understanding of genetic, epigenetic, and posttranscriptional control is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms of CM identity.
  • Unveiling these mechanisms could provide insights into treating heart diseases.
  • Targeting gene regulation may offer therapeutic strategies for cardiac conditions.

Keywords:
Cardiomyocyte identityGeneticsHeart developmentPosttranscriptional modificationPosttranslational modificationTranscriptional regulation

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