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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Antiferromagnetic Correlations in Strongly Valence Fluctuating CeIrSn.

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CeIrSn exhibits unusual negative thermal expansion and magnetostriction, indicating unexpected antiferromagnetic correlations at low temperatures. These findings challenge typical intermediate valence system behavior, suggesting geometrical frustration plays a key role.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Cerium (Ce) intermetallic compounds are known for complex electronic behaviors, including valence fluctuations.
  • Quasikagome lattices in materials like CeIrSn can lead to unique magnetic and electronic properties due to geometrical frustration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the low-temperature physical properties of the strongly valence fluctuating compound CeIrSn.
  • To understand the origin of unexpected thermal expansion and magnetostriction behaviors in CeIrSn.
  • To explore the presence and nature of magnetic correlations in CeIrSn.

Main Methods:

  • Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) to probe electronic states.
  • Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) to investigate magnetic excitations.
  • Thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements to detect strain anomalies.
  • Muon Spin Relaxation (μSR) to probe microscopic magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • CeIrSn displays a high Kondo temperature (T_{K}∼480 K) and strong valence fluctuations.
  • Negative in-plane thermal expansion (α/T < 0) observed below 2 K, with a minimum near 0.75 K.
  • Markedly negative volume and a-axis magnetostriction at low fields, transitioning before a 6 T metamagnetic anomaly.
  • Muon spin relaxation measurements reveal a broad distribution of internal magnetic fields down to 0.1 K.

Conclusions:

  • The observed negative thermal expansion and magnetostriction are anomalous for Ce-based intermediate valence systems.
  • These behaviors suggest the emergence of antiferromagnetic correlations at very low temperatures (T ≪ T_{K}).
  • Geometrical frustration in the quasikagome Ce lattice is proposed as the origin of these antiferromagnetic correlations, supported by comparison with CeRhSn.