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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Electromagnetic Waves01:30

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James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws...
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire01:28

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Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

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Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Magnetic Field Amplification by a Nonlinear Electron Streaming Instability.

J R Peterson1,2, S Glenzer2, F Fiuza2

  • 1Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new secondary instability amplifies magnetic fields in relativistic plasma by orders of magnitude. This process, driven by ion inertia, creates large plasma cavities and efficiently converts beam energy into magnetic energy.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Astrophysics
  • High-energy particle beams

Background:

  • Relativistic streaming plasma instabilities are crucial in astrophysics and laboratory experiments.
  • The linear Weibel instability saturates, leading to current filaments in relativistic electron beams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a new secondary nonlinear instability in relativistic dilute electron beams.
  • To understand magnetic field amplification beyond the linear Weibel instability saturation.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of instability growth rate, saturation level, and scale length.
  • Comparison with fully kinetic simulations.

Main Results:

  • A secondary nonlinear instability arises after linear Weibel instability saturation.
  • This instability amplifies magnetic field strength and scale by orders of magnitude.
  • Large-scale plasma cavities with strong magnetic fields are formed, efficiently converting beam kinetic energy to magnetic energy.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered instability significantly enhances magnetic field generation in relativistic plasmas.
  • It explains the formation of large-scale structures and efficient energy conversion in astrophysical and laboratory settings.