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Related Concept Videos

Torque01:10

Torque

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Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
Torque can be considered as the rotational counterpart to force. Since forces change the translational...
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Net Torque Calculations01:19

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When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
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Equation of Rotational Dynamics01:08

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Angular variables are introduced in rotational dynamics. Comparing the definitions of angular variables with the definitions of linear kinematic variables, it is seen that there is a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones. Linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration have their equivalents in rotational motion, which are angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Similar to the rotational variables, a mapping exists from Newton's second law of motion...
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Coriolis Force01:23

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An accelerating particle experiences a force equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration in an inertial frame of reference. Consider a particle in a non-inertial frame of reference, such as a sliding ball on a rotating table. The acceleration of the ball in this rotating reference frame is different than in the intertial frame, which modifies its equation of motion. The fictitious forces acting additionally on a rotating frame of reference alter Newton's Second Law expression.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum01:21

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In the realm of spinning tops, the application of force at a distance from the center produces torque, a pivotal factor that alters the angular momentum of the top, thereby inducing its rotation. The concept of moment, akin to linear force in rotation, quantifies how a force acting upon an object initiates rotational motion. Angular momentum serves as the rotational counterpart to linear momentum, representing an object's inherent tendency to persist in its rotational state.
The temporal...
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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
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Capillary Torque on a Particle Rotating at an Interface.

Abhinav Naga1, Doris Vollmer1, Hans-Jürgen Butt1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Particles resist rotation at liquid interfaces due to capillary torque caused by contact angle hysteresis. This torque impacts granular matter mobility and hinders Brownian motion for small particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Capillary forces drive particle adhesion at liquid-fluid interfaces.
  • The effect of rotation on capillary forces, particularly concerning particle movement on moist surfaces, remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and model the capillary torque acting on a spherical particle at a liquid-fluid interface.
  • To understand the influence of contact angle hysteresis on particle rotation.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a general theoretical model for capillary torque on spherical particles.
  • Analysis of the relationship between capillary torque, interfacial tension, particle radius, and contact angles.

Main Results:

  • A formula for capillary torque was derived: M = γRLk(cos ΘR - cos ΘA).
  • The normalized capillary torque is analogous to the friction force experienced by a moving drop.
  • Contact angle hysteresis creates a resistive capillary torque opposing particle rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Capillary torque significantly impedes particle rotation at liquid interfaces.
  • This resistive torque reduces the mobility of wet granular matter.
  • Small (nano/micro) particles are prevented from rotating via Brownian motion at interfaces due to this effect.