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Related Concept Videos

Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Attitudes Scale on Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Persons With Alcohol Use Disorders.

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    The American English version of the Attitudes Scale on Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Persons with alcohol use disorders (EAFAA-AEV) is a reliable tool. It accurately measures attitudes toward alcohol and related issues in American-English-speaking nurses and nursing students.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychometric evaluation
    • Nursing research
    • Substance use disorder attitudes

    Background:

    • The Attitudes Scale on Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Persons with alcohol use disorders (EAFAA) measures attitudes toward alcohol and related issues.
    • Previous validation exists in Portuguese and Spanish.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the American English version of the EAFAA (EAFAA-AEV).

    Main Methods:

    • 187 participants (101 nurses, 86 nursing students) completed the EAFAA-AEV.
    • Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure.

    Main Results:

    • A four-factor solution supported the original EAFAA factor structure.
    • The EAFAA-AEV demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability.
    • Total scale Cronbach's alpha was .85; McDonald's omega was .87.

    Conclusions:

    • The EAFAA-AEV exhibits strong psychometric properties comparable to the original scale.
    • It is a reliable instrument for assessing attitudes toward alcohol among American-English-speaking healthcare professionals and students.