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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Isolating Biomolecules from Mouse Tears — A Methodology for Molecular Analysis and Biomarker Research
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Human tear fluid analysis for clinical applications: progress and prospects.

Sphurti S Adigal1, Alisha Rizvi2, Nidheesh V Rayaroth1

  • 1Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics
|June 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Human tear analysis offers a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis. This review explores advanced techniques for detecting biomarkers in tears, highlighting their potential for early disease detection, especially for eye conditions.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCOVID-19HPLC-LIFhyphenated techniquestears

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery
  • Ophthalmology
  • Clinical diagnostics

Background:

  • Blood and saliva are common diagnostic fluids.
  • Tear fluid is an accessible, yet underutilized, biofluid.
  • Early disease detection is crucial for non-communicable and communicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of tear analysis for disease diagnosis.
  • To compare various analytical techniques for tear fluid.
  • To assess the progress and potential of tear-based diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC)/SDS-PAGE
  • Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
  • Mass Spectrometry (MS)
  • Coupling separation methods with optical techniques

Main Results:

  • Tear analysis provides insights into ocular health.
  • Concentrations of molecular constituents in tears change under abnormal conditions.
  • Advanced instrumentation enables sensitive tear fluid analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Tear analysis is a promising, non-invasive diagnostic approach.
  • Tear fluid is a reliable clinical sample for sensitive optical detection methods.
  • Tear analysis holds significant potential for diagnosing various health conditions, particularly eye diseases.