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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

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Treg cells in atherosclerosis.

Rebecca Kuan1, Devendra K Agrawal1, Finosh G Thankam2

  • 1Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.

Molecular Biology Reports
|June 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a dual role in atherosclerosis, inhibiting progression via IL-10 and TGF-β, but sometimes promoting it through T follicular helper (Tfh) cell conversion. Understanding Treg cell functions is key for managing cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisIn-stent restenosisNeointimal hyperplasiaTfh cellsTreg cells

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis involves complex immune responses, including both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical immune regulators with a known presence in atherosclerotic lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the multifaceted role of Treg cells in the development and progression of atherosclerotic diseases.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which Treg cells influence plaque development and inflammation.
  • To identify knowledge gaps concerning Treg cell contributions in specific atherosclerotic contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Treg cells in atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of Treg cell interactions with cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β.
  • Examination of Treg cell plasticity, including conversion to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.

Main Results:

  • Treg cells and their cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) can inhibit atherosclerosis progression by modulating lipoprotein metabolism and suppressing inflammation.
  • Treg cells can also promote atherosclerosis by converting into Tfh cells, which may exacerbate plaque development.
  • Treg cells are implicated in various stages of atherosclerotic progression and plaque modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Treg cells exhibit a complex, context-dependent role in atherosclerosis, acting as both protective and detrimental factors.
  • Further research into Treg cell involvement in specific conditions like in-stent restenosis and graft failure is warranted.
  • Understanding Treg cell dynamics offers significant translational potential for developing novel atherosclerosis therapies.