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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Polar zwitterion/saccharide-based deep eutectic solvents for cellulose processing.

Gyanendra Sharma1, Kenji Takahashi1, Kosuke Kuroda1

  • 1Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|June 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel zwitterion-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for dissolving cellulose. These DESs enable efficient cellulose processing and biomass conversion, expanding options beyond traditional zwitterionic solvents.

Keywords:
Cellulose dissolutionDeep eutectic solventsH-bonding interactionSaccharidesZwitterions

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Zwitterions are effective biocompatible cellulose solvents, crucial for biomass conversion.
  • Limited availability of liquid zwitterions, especially carboxylate types, hinders broader application.
  • Solid nature of most zwitterions restricts their use in cellulose processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce zwitterion-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a novel class of cellulose solvents.
  • To expand the range of zwitterionic solvents for cellulose dissolution and subsequent processing.
  • To investigate the efficacy of DESs in dissolving cellulose under mild conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of zwitterion-based DESs by mixing four types of saccharides at varying ratios.
  • Characterization of DESs, identifying mixtures that form liquids below 100 °C.
  • Testing the cellulose dissolution capability of the synthesized DESs.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-two zwitterion/saccharide mixtures formed DESs with liquid states below 100 °C.
  • Two specific DES formulations, with 5 wt% saccharide, successfully dissolved cellulose.
  • Low saccharide loading was found to be sufficient for liquefaction without compromising cellulose dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • Zwitterion-based DESs offer a promising alternative to conventional zwitterionic solvents for cellulose dissolution.
  • Optimized DES formulations with low saccharide content effectively dissolve cellulose, enabling efficient biomass processing.
  • This work expands the toolkit for sustainable cellulose utilization in biorefineries.