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Related Experiment Video

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Deficits in multi-scale top-down processes distorting auditory perception in schizophrenia.

Fuyin Yang1, Hao Zhu2, Lingfang Yu3

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai, 200062, China.

Behavioural Brain Research
|June 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) over-rely on long-term predictions, while those without AVHs are influenced by short-term predictions. Healthy controls showed no influence, suggesting altered prediction weighting in schizophrenia.

Keywords:
Bayesian integrationCognitive controlGainPredictionSource monitoringWeighting function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive models link hallucinations in schizophrenia to impaired source monitoring, where top-down predictions and bottom-up sensory processes are misweighted.
  • The precise mechanisms, including the scope of misweighting across sensory levels and differential effects of top-down processes in patient subgroups, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how multi-scale predictions influence the perception of basic tonal features in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • To explore differential effects of long-term and short-term predictions on auditory perception in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-three schizophrenia patients (with and without AVHs) and thirty healthy controls identified target tones embedded in noise.
  • Auditory perception was tested under manipulated long-term regularity (alternating patterns) and short-term repetition (immediate tone repetition).
  • Sensitivity index (d') was calculated to quantify the impact of predictions on tone identification.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients with AVHs demonstrated enhanced tone identification when target tones aligned with long-term regularity, indicating a heavy reliance on these predictions.
  • Patients without AVHs showed modulation of tone identification by short-term repetition, suggesting a different predictive processing pattern.
  • Healthy controls did not exhibit significant modulation of tone identification by either long-term or short-term predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired source monitoring in schizophrenia patients with AVHs involves an over-weighting of top-down predictions at the expense of bottom-up sensory information, leading to distorted perception.
  • The influence of predictive processing on basic auditory features is altered in schizophrenia, with distinct patterns observed in patients with and without AVHs.
  • These findings suggest that disrupted interactions between top-down and bottom-up processes across multiple timescales may contribute to the development of hallucinations in schizophrenia.