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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 and hypertension.

Briyanth Ravichandran1, Daniela Grimm1,2, Marcus Krüger2

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Physiological Reports
|June 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertension (HT) exacerbates COVID-19 severity by disrupting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). SARS-CoV-2 infection downregulates ACE2, a key RAAS regulator, impacting blood pressure and disease outcomes.

Keywords:
COVID-19MAS-receptorSARS-CoV-2hypertensionrenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hypertension (HT) is a major global health burden and risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, contributing to millions of deaths annually.
  • The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is crucial for blood pressure regulation, involving counter-regulatory axes.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in balancing the RAAS and serves as the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological effects of COVID-19 in relation to hypertension.
  • To focus on the role of the RAAS and the MAS receptor in COVID-19 and HT.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, RAAS dysregulation, and HT severity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on COVID-19, hypertension, and the RAAS.
  • Analysis of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor.
  • Examination of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on RAAS components and function.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes and mortality.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the downregulation of ACE2, causing RAAS dysregulation.
  • The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 impacts cardiovascular function and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • The RAAS plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, particularly in hypertensive patients.
  • Dysregulation of the RAAS by SARS-CoV-2 contributes to increased disease severity.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand the complex interplay between COVID-19, hypertension, and the RAAS.