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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Fear extinction learning modulates large-scale brain connectivity.

Zhenfu Wen¹, Zhe Sage Chen², Mohammed R Milad³

¹Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.

|June 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that widespread brain networks, including the default mode, frontoparietal, and ventral attention networks, are crucial for learning and remembering fear extinction. Enhanced functional connectivity predicts successful fear memory extinction.

Keywords:

Brain activation Fear conditioning Learning and memory Neuroimaging and plasticity

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Last Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Dissection of Fear Circuits in Brain Slices

Published on: April 5, 2016

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Published on: October 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Understanding fear and anxiety disorders requires exploring the neural basis of conditioned fear extinction.
Previous research focused on specific brain regions, but the role of broader cortical systems in conscious fear awareness is debated.
There is a need to investigate higher-order cortical networks involved in the subjective experience of fear and anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contribution of whole-brain functional connectivity patterns to the acquisition and retrieval of fear extinction learning.
To examine how distributed brain networks support the conscious experience of fear extinction.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to analyze brain activity in 137 healthy participants.
A two-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm was employed.
Trial-by-trial analyses assessed functional connectivity across the entire brain during extinction learning and retrieval.

Main Results:

Functional connectivity increased across multiple brain networks (default mode, frontoparietal, ventral attention) during fear extinction learning, specifically for conditioned cues.
This increased connectivity during learning predicted the strength of extinction memory 24 hours later.
Findings implicate distributed brain regions in the learning, consolidation, and expression of fear extinction memory.

Conclusions:

Fear extinction memory involves widespread functional connectivity across multiple brain networks, extending beyond traditional 'fear circuits'.
These findings support the role of distributed neural systems in the conscious processing and regulation of fear.
The study highlights the importance of examining higher cortical systems for understanding fear and anxiety-related disorders.