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Reduced glucose-induced first-phase insulin release is a danger signal that predicts diabetes

Gordon C Weir, Susan Bonner-Weir

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |June 15, 2021
    PubMed

    Insights

    Reduced glucose-induced first-phase insulin release (FPIR) predicts diabetes development after significant pancreas removal. This indicates the body can no longer compensate for insulin needs, serving as an early warning for type 2 diabetes progression.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Pancreatic Research

    Background:

    • Glucose-induced first-phase insulin release (FPIR) diminishes during type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D) progression.
    • The role of reduced beta cell mass in hyperglycemia onset remains incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of reduced beta cell mass on diabetes development.
    • To evaluate the predictive value of FPIR in the context of pancreatic surgery.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied patients with pancreatic neoplasms before and after partial pancreatectomy.
    • Assessed the relationship between beta cell mass reduction and diabetes onset.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced FPIR was found to predict diabetes following 50% pancreatectomy.
    • These results suggest that diminished FPIR signifies an inability of beta cell mass to meet insulin demands.

    Conclusions:

    • Low or absent FPIR indicates that beta cell mass cannot compensate for increased insulin needs.
    • Clinicians can utilize reduced FPIR as an early indicator of impending type 2 diabetes progression.

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