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PLASMA VORICONAZOLE CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-DOSE SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS IN WESTERN POND
Thomas L Wright1,2,3, Jenessa Gjeltema2,3,4, Raymund F Wack2,3,4
1San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, CA 92101, USA, loudenwright88@gmail.com.
Summary
Voriconazole shows promise for treating fungal infections in Western pond turtles. Dosing at 10 mg/kg SC q48h achieved effective plasma concentrations against Emydomyces testavorans.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Mycology
- Herpetological Medicine
- Pharmacokinetics
Background:
- Emydomyces testavorans causes ulcerative shell disease in Western pond turtles.
- Voriconazole is an antifungal disrupting fungal cell membranes.
- In vitro studies suggest voriconazole efficacy against E. testavorans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine voriconazole plasma concentrations in Western pond turtles.
- To assess the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in this species.
- To evaluate voriconazole's potential for treating E. testavorans infections.
Main Methods:
- Ultraperformance liquid chromatography analyzed voriconazole plasma levels.
- Turtles received single and multiple subcutaneous injections (10 mg/kg).
- Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using a naïve pooled approach.
Main Results:
- Single dose Tmax was 2 hours; multiple dose Tmax was 50 hours.
- Multiple dose Cmax was 12.4 µg/ml; trough concentration was 1.7 µg/ml.
- Observed trough concentrations exceeded reported E. testavorans MICs.
Conclusions:
- Voriconazole administered at 10 mg/kg SC q48h achieved concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for E. testavorans.
- Mild adverse effects including skin sloughing and increased polychromatophilic cells were noted.
- Further research is required to confirm clinical safety and in vivo efficacy.
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