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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Identification of CADM1 as an Immunotherapeutic Target and Evaluation of a Novel CADM1-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Preclinical Osteosarcoma Models.

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Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Cytotoxic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro
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Cytotoxic Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteosarcoma Cells In Vitro

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Advancing therapy for osteosarcoma.

Jonathan Gill1, Richard Gorlick2

  • 1Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
|June 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New insights into osteosarcoma biology are paving the way for advanced treatments. Molecular profiling and preclinical models are identifying novel therapeutic targets like B7-H3, GD2, and HER2 for improved patient survival.

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Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma survival rates have remained stagnant, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Advances in molecular profiling and preclinical modeling are enhancing our understanding of osteosarcoma biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current osteosarcoma therapies.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic opportunities arising from recent biological insights.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on osteosarcoma treatment.
  • Analysis of findings from molecular profiling and preclinical studies.
  • Discussion of emerging therapeutic targets and approaches.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcoma cells express therapeutically relevant surface proteins (B7-H3, GD2, HER2).
  • Antibody-drug conjugates and adoptive cell therapies show promise for targeting these proteins.
  • Immune-checkpoint inhibition may enhance adoptive cell therapy by overcoming tumor immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular insights are driving the development of targeted therapies for osteosarcoma.
  • Biomarker-based patient selection will be crucial for future clinical trials.
  • Emerging strategies offer new hope for improving osteosarcoma patient outcomes.