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Heat conduction in a three-dimensional momentum-conserving fluid.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale science
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding nanoscale energy transport and reduced dimensionality effects on transport coefficients is crucial for nonequilibrium properties.
  • Thermal conductivity and its dependence on system size and dimensionality are key areas of research in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heat conduction in a three-dimensional (3D) fluid using multiparticle collision dynamics.
  • To explore the size dependence of energy transport and the transition from 3D to one-dimensional (1D) behavior.
  • To verify Fourier's law and existing theories for 3D fluids under nonequilibrium conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Non-equilibrium and equilibrium simulations of heat conduction.
  • Utilized multiparticle collision dynamics (MPCD) for fluid simulation.
  • Interaction of the fluid with two thermal walls to drive heat flux.

Main Results:

  • The bulk 3D fluid demonstrates finite, nondiverging thermal conductivity, consistent with normal transport.
  • A crossover to 1D abnormal thermal conductivity behavior is observed for large aspect ratios.
  • A transition from normal to abnormal transport was demonstrated via energy current decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide direct verification of Fourier's law for the simulated 3D fluid.
  • Results confirm the validity of existing theories for 3D fluid transport.
  • Abnormal heat transport phenomena persist in quasi-1D fluids across various sizes.