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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 2, 2025

Vision Training Methods for Sports Concussion Mitigation and Management
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Computer vision syndrome - symptoms and prevention.

Nicol Dostálová, Martin Vrubel, Petr Kachlík

    Casopis Lekaru Ceskych
    |June 17, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Computer vision syndrome symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with uncorrected latent strabismus. Addressing visual hygiene and ergonomics can significantly reduce these digital eye strain issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Ergonomics
    • Digital Health

    Background:

    • Computer vision syndrome (CVS) encompasses symptoms arising from prolonged digital device use.
    • Studies indicate a higher incidence of CVS in individuals with uncorrected latent strabismus.
    • Common CVS complications include eye fatigue, blurred vision, headaches, and musculoskeletal pain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify common CVS manifestations and strategies for their mitigation.
    • To investigate if horizontal heterophoria correlates with increased CVS symptoms compared to orthophoria.

    Main Methods:

    • Diagnosis of latent strabismus.
    • Formation of a research group (heterophoria) and a control group (orthophoria).
    • Administration of a questionnaire to evaluate CVS symptoms in 56 participants (30% male, 70% female).
    Keywords:
    computer vision syndromeheterophoriavisual hygieneworkspace ergonomics

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    Main Results:

    • 54% of participants exhibited heterophoria at 70 cm, while 46% were orthophoric.
    • Participants with heterophoria reported higher CVS scores (9.4 ± 6.6) than orthophoric participants (7.1 ± 5.5).
    • Heterophoric individuals reported more visual discomfort, eye pain, and binocular vision issues with digital devices.

    Conclusions:

    • Latent strabismus negatively impacts computer work endurance.
    • Individuals with heterophoria experience greater subjective difficulties with digital devices.
    • Alleviating CVS through visual hygiene, ergonomics, and regular eye screenings for latent strabismus is crucial for improving digital work quality.