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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Theoretical and Experimental Sets of Choice Anode/Cathode Architectonics for High-Performance Full-Scale LIB Built-up

H Khalifa1,2, S A El-Safty3, A Reda1

  • 1National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.

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|June 17, 2021
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Summary

New anode/cathode designs for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) improve electric vehicle (EV) performance. These advanced structures enhance electron and ion flow, leading to higher capacity and efficiency for EV applications.

Keywords:
3D super-scalable hierarchal anode/cathode modelsAnode/cathode architectonicsDensity functional theoryElectric vehicle applicationsLithium-ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Optimizing lithium-ion battery (LIB) power hierarchy is crucial for electric vehicle (EV) performance.
  • Existing electrode architectures present limitations in electron and ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate novel anode and cathode architectures for full-scale LIBs.
  • To investigate the impact of structural design on electron/ion movement and electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of heterogeneous composite superstructures: TiO2@C (FRTO@C) for anodes and LiFePO4@C (VST@C) for cathodes.
  • Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) for theoretical evaluation of electrode architectonics.
  • Fabrication and testing of integrated full-cell LIBs.

Main Results:

  • FRTO@C anode and VST-(i)@C cathode architectures demonstrated superior performance.
  • The integrated FRTO@C//VST-(i)@C LIB achieved high discharge capacity (~94.2%) and excellent Coulombic efficiency (99.85% over 2000 cycles).
  • The LIB system exhibited a high energy density of 127 Wh kg⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The designed anode/cathode architectonics provide a viable platform for high-performance LIBs.
  • These findings satisfy the requirements for scale-up and commercialization in EV applications.
  • The study highlights the importance of structural control for advanced energy storage solutions.