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Related Concept Videos

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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics
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Spintronics in Two-Dimensional Materials.

Yanping Liu1,2,3, Cheng Zeng4, Jiahong Zhong4

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China. liuyanping@csu.edu.cn.

Nano-Micro Letters
|June 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and heterostructures are advancing spintronics beyond CMOS devices by enabling novel spin injection and manipulation. Further research is needed to clarify spin relaxation mechanisms and achieve efficient spin gating for practical applications.

Keywords:
2D materialsHeterostructureProximity effectSpintronicsTMDCs

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spintronics utilizes electron spin for information processing, offering an alternative to conventional electronics.
  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit unique spin properties beneficial for spintronics.
  • Heterostructures formed from 2D materials allow for the synergistic combination of diverse spin characteristics via proximity effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the advancements in spin injection, transport, manipulation, and applications of 2D materials and heterostructures in spintronics.
  • To highlight the progress and potential of proximity engineering in enhancing spin-based functionalities.
  • To identify current challenges and future research directions for 2D material-based spintronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on spintronics research involving 2D materials and their heterostructures.
  • Analysis of studies on spin injection, transport, and manipulation techniques.
  • Examination of applications in information storage and processing.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials offer unique spin properties like long spin relaxation times and spin-valley locking.
  • Proximity engineering in 2D heterostructures has shown significant achievements in spin injection and manipulation.
  • Despite progress, challenges remain, including unclear spin relaxation mechanisms and inefficient spin gating.

Conclusions:

  • 2D materials and heterostructures hold immense promise for next-generation spintronic devices.
  • Overcoming current challenges is crucial for realizing practical spintronic applications based on 2D materials.
  • Continued research into spin dynamics and device engineering is essential for future breakthroughs.