Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.6K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.6K
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

84.6K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
84.6K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

1.4K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.1K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

12.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating the Kidney-Gut-Brain Axis in CKD: Uremic Toxins and Brain Microhemorrhages.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Nondialytic Care vs Dialysis Transition on Hospitalization: Outcomes in Veterans With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same author

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Veterans Receiving Dialysis With Diabetes.

Diabetes care·2026
Same author

Racial and Ethnic Disprities in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in California: 2010-2024.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·2026
Same author

Association of Intravenous Versus Oral Iron Therapy With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Advanced CKD.

Kidney medicine·2026
Same author

Kidney Disease among the Compacts of Free Association Pacific Islander Community: A Hidden Crisis.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

30.5K

Diabetes and the Gut Microbiome.

Wei Ling Lau1, Tiffany Tran1, Connie M Rhee2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA.

Seminars in Nephrology
|June 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria, is linked to diabetes mellitus and inflammation. Modulating the gut microbiome may offer new therapeutic strategies for diabetes prevention and management.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusgut microbiomeprebioticsprobiotics

More Related Videos

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.0K
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Published on: April 26, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

30.5K
Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.0K
An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
10:17

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes

Published on: April 26, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic disease
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gut dysbiosis is linked to diabetes mellitus, characterized by reduced short-chain fatty acids and impaired gut barrier function.
  • Microbial toxins crossing a 'leaky gut' contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
  • In children, gut dysbiosis is associated with increased risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the gut microbiome in diabetes mellitus.
  • To review the impact of diet and medication on the gut microbiome in diabetes.
  • To assess the potential of microbiome-targeted therapies for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut microbiota and diabetes.
  • Analysis of animal models demonstrating microbiota transplantation effects.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for prebiotics and probiotics.

Main Results:

  • Gut dysbiosis is associated with diabetes, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
  • Microbiota transplantation can transfer obesity phenotypes in animal models.
  • Plant-based diets and some anti-diabetic drugs show positive microbiome effects, while prebiotic/probiotic trials show mixed results.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome plays a significant role in diabetes pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome presents a potential therapeutic avenue for diabetes.
  • Further research is crucial to optimize microbiome-based interventions for diabetes prevention and management.