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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Using inclusive sampling to highlight specific executive functioning impairments in autism spectrum disorder.

Maggie McGonigle-Chalmers1, Fiona McCrohan1

  • 1Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.

International Journal of Developmental Disabilities
|June 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impaired executive functioning (EF) specifically in self-generating sequences, not in following learned ones. Inclusive sampling is vital for understanding EF deficits in ASD.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderexecutive functioning, sequencingnonverbal IQworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Autism spectrum disorder research

Background:

  • Executive functioning (EF) deficits are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Previous research on EF in ASD may be confounded by IQ-matching participant selection.
  • Age-based sampling is proposed to better reveal specific EF impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of executive functioning (EF) impairments in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To evaluate the impact of participant sampling methods (age vs. IQ matching) on experimental findings in EF research.

Main Methods:

  • 16 children with ASD and 16 neurotypical controls, matched for age, completed two computerized sequencing tasks.
  • Tasks varied in the need for self-generated sequences versus learning and following strict sequences.
  • Measures included learning success, Nonverbal IQ (NVIQ), and information processing demands.

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD demonstrated significant impairment in the self-generated sequencing task, particularly under increased processing demands.
  • This impairment was more pronounced in children with below-average Nonverbal IQ.
  • No significant difference was found on the task requiring learning and following a sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Autism spectrum disorder is associated with a selective deficit in self-organized sequencing, impacting real-world functioning.
  • The findings highlight the importance of inclusive participant sampling in autism research to accurately identify executive function impairments.
  • Future research should consider diverse cognitive profiles within the ASD population.