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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

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To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

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Cell cycle regulation by complex nanomachines.

Marios G Koliopoulos1, Claudio Alfieri1

  • 1Chester Beatty Laboratories, Structural Biology Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.

The FEBS Journal
|June 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cell cycle machinery, controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), ensures orderly cell division. Structural biology, especially cryo-electron microscopy, is revolutionizing our understanding of these crucial molecular mechanisms.

Keywords:
cell cyclecryo-electron microscopystructural biologytranscriptional regulationubiquitin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The cell cycle is a fundamental biological process critical for cell replication and organism development.
  • Dysregulation of the cell cycle is closely linked to human diseases, particularly cancer.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a core molecular oscillator regulating cell cycle progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural biology of the cell cycle machinery.
  • To focus on the structural insights into the CDK-cyclin oscillator.
  • To highlight the impact of cryo-electron microscopy on understanding cell cycle regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Structural biology techniques
  • Biochemical analysis
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)

Main Results:

  • Detailed structural information on key cell cycle regulators, including CDK-cyclin complexes.
  • Insights into the integration of signaling pathways and posttranslational modifications controlling the cell cycle.
  • Advancements in understanding the molecular dynamics and function of cell cycle components.

Conclusions:

  • Structural biology provides critical mechanistic insights into cell cycle control.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy is a transformative tool for visualizing the cell cycle machinery.
  • Understanding the structure of the CDK-cyclin oscillator is key to deciphering cell cycle regulation and its links to disease.