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Chronic Kidney Disease after Snake Envenomation Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Kishore Ariga1, Tarun Kumar Dutta1, Satish Haridasan2
1Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Summary
Snake bite envenomation frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in young adults. This study shows snake bite-related AKI significantly increases the long-term risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Toxicology
- Tropical Medicine
Background:
- Snake bite is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in tropical regions.
- Victims are often young adults lacking traditional chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors.
- Limited data exists on the long-term renal outcomes following snake envenomation-induced AKI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after snake bite-related acute kidney injury (AKI).
- To identify risk factors associated with the progression of AKI to CKD in snake bite survivors.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based study combining prospective and retrospective follow-up of adult patients with snake bite-induced AKI.
- Collected clinical and biochemical data during hospitalization and at follow-up.
- Analyzed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incidence of CKD over time.
Main Results:
- Out of 193 AKI patients, 84% had reduced eGFR at discharge.
- At follow-up, 16.9% had reduced eGFR, and 26-28% developed CKD.
- Older age, diabetes, severe AKI, and insufficient antivenom were identified as CKD risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Snake bite-associated AKI leads to a substantial long-term risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
- Early identification and management of risk factors are crucial for preventing CKD progression post-snake bite.
- This study highlights the significant renal burden of snake envenomation beyond the acute phase.
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